Which of the following is NOT a common risk of long-term indwelling urinary catheterization?

• A. CAUTI
• B. Urethral trauma
• C. Encrustation
• D. Increased bladder contractility

Answer: (D)

Long-term indwelling catheterization disrupts normal bladder cycling and promotes several well-known complications. The catheter provides a pathway for bacteria, and biofilm formation makes urinary tract infections (CAUTI) very common. Ongoing irritation from the catheter can injure the urethra, leading to urethral trauma over time. Mineral deposits can build up on the catheter, causing encrustation and possible blockage. In contrast, extended catheter use tends to reduce bladder activity, with the detrusor muscle becoming less able to contract effectively due to disuse. So, an increase in bladder contractility is not a typical risk of long-term catheterization.